What is Obesity?

Excessive body weight is associated with various diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. As a result, obesity has been found to reduce life expectancy. The primary treatment for obesity is dieting and physical exercise. If this fails, anti-obesity drugs and (in severe cases) bariatric surgery can be tried.
A combination of excessive caloric intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility is thought to explain most cases of obesity, with a limited number of cases due solely to genetics, medical reasons, or psychiatric illness.
With rates of adult and childhood obesity increasing, authorities view it as a serious public health problem. Between 1980-2000, obesity among adults has more than doubled; obesity among adolescents has tripled. In the US, obesity is the second-leading cause of preventable death after smoking.
Obesity is often stigmatized in the modern Western world. It has, however been perceived as a symbol of wealth and fertility at other times in history and still is in many parts of Africa.
What causes obesity?
Obesity occurs when the body consumes more calories than it burns. In the past people thought obesity was simply due to over-eating and lack of exercise. However research has identified a number of other factors including genetics, race, age and behavioural and social issues. Even with all these other factors now identified, physicians still strongly believe that over consuming high calorie fatty foods and a lack on physical activity is the main cause.
What problems can obesity cause?
Obesity can cause a number of physical problems as well as psychological problems. Physical problems include difficulties breathing, running or walking, increased sweating and body pains to name a few. It is also common for people who suffer from obesity to develop one or more of the following conditions.
• Cardiovascular disease
• High cholesterol
• High blood pressure
• Type 2 diabetes
Psychological problems can also occur due to people being dissatisfied with their body’s appearance. This can be as a result of prejudice or discrimination in work or social environments. This can cause patients to feel shame and guilt which can lead to depression. Body Mass index
One way to determine if a person is healthy or unhealthy is to calculate her/his BMI (body mass index). A person with a BMI of over 27 is considered overweight and a person with a BMI of over 30 is considered obese. Physicians also take into account age, race, ethnicity, sex and many other factors that may change the interpretation of BMI.
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